Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized modern prosthodontic rehabilitation by enabling precise, efficient, and patient-specific fabrication of dental prostheses. Traditional prosthodontic workflows often involve multiple clinical and laboratory steps, which can be time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. The integration of digital technologies, including intraoral scanning, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D printing, has transformed the fabrication of complete dentures, removable partial dentures, crowns, bridges, implant-supported prostheses, surgical guides, and maxillofacial prostheses. Advances in printing technologies such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser melting (SLM) have improved accuracy, material properties, and clinical outcomes. This review examines the current applications, technologies, materials, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of 3D printing in prosthodontic rehabilitation. The technology offers enhanced customization, reduced production time, improved patient comfort, and greater treatment predictability, making it a cornerstone of digital prosthodontics.