Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in modern orthodontics, significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, clinical decision-making, and patient management. By leveraging machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and predictive analytics, AI systems can analyze large volumes of clinical, radiographic, and three-dimensional imaging data with remarkable precision. These technologies facilitate automated cephalometric analysis, malocclusion classification, growth prediction, treatment outcome forecasting, aligner design, and patient-specific treatment planning. This study reviews the current applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of AI in orthodontic treatment planning. A comprehensive review of contemporary literature, clinical studies, and technological advancements was conducted. Findings indicate that AI-assisted orthodontic systems improve efficiency, reduce human error, enhance diagnostic consistency, and support personalized treatment strategies. However, issues related to data privacy, algorithm transparency, ethical considerations, and clinical validation remain important challenges. The study concludes that AI is poised to become an integral component of orthodontic practice, supporting clinicians in delivering more accurate, efficient, and individualized patient care.