Periodontal disease remains one of the most prevalent oral health conditions worldwide, affecting millions of individuals and contributing significantly to tooth loss and systemic health complications. Traditional periodontal assessment relies on clinical examination, radiographic interpretation, and clinician expertise, which may be subject to variability and limitations in early disease detection. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a transformative technology in dentistry, enabling automated diagnosis, risk prediction, disease classification, and treatment planning. AI-powered systems can analyze radiographic images, clinical parameters, and patient data with remarkable accuracy, facilitating early detection and personalized management of periodontal diseases. This review examines the current applications of AI in periodontal disease assessment, including diagnostic imaging, disease staging, prognosis prediction, and decision-support systems. Challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions are also discussed. AI has demonstrated significant potential to improve diagnostic precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes, positioning it as a valuable tool in modern periodontal care.