Single-visit root canal therapy (SVRCT) has gained considerable attention in contemporary endodontics due to advancements in diagnostic imaging, rotary instrumentation, irrigation systems, and obturation techniques. Traditionally, root canal treatment was completed over multiple appointments to allow intracanal medicament placement and microbial control. However, modern endodontic protocols have enabled clinicians to complete treatment in a single visit while maintaining favorable clinical outcomes. This review evaluates the clinical success of single-visit root canal therapy by examining treatment outcomes, postoperative pain, healing rates, microbial control, patient satisfaction, and procedural considerations. Current evidence suggests that single-visit root canal therapy demonstrates success rates comparable to multiple-visit treatment in appropriately selected cases. Benefits include reduced chair time, increased patient convenience, lower treatment costs, and decreased risk of interappointment contamination. Nevertheless, case selection remains critical, particularly in teeth with complex anatomy, persistent infections, or significant periapical pathology. Emerging technologies such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), artificial intelligence, advanced irrigation systems, and bioceramic materials are expected to further improve treatment predictability and success.