Complete edentulism remains a significant oral health challenge worldwide, particularly among elderly populations. Conventional denture fabrication techniques have long been considered the standard of care; however, they are often associated with multiple clinical appointments, laboratory-intensive procedures, dimensional inaccuracies, and patient discomfort. The emergence of digital denture fabrication technologies has revolutionized removable prosthodontics through the integration of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), intraoral scanning, three-dimensional (3D) printing, artificial intelligence, and advanced biomaterials. Digital workflows offer improved precision, reproducibility, patient satisfaction, and treatment efficiency. This review explores the evolution, principles, technologies, clinical workflows, advantages, limitations, and future developments of digital denture fabrication. Current evidence suggests that digital dentures provide superior fit, reduced clinical chair time, enhanced data preservation, and improved patient outcomes compared with conventional methods. Continued advancements in additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and personalized prosthodontics are expected to further transform complete denture rehabilitation.