Digital technologies have revolutionized oral and maxillofacial surgery by enabling precise preoperative planning, virtual surgical simulation, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), three-dimensional (3D) printing, and navigation-guided interventions. Digital planning has become an essential component of modern maxillofacial surgery, improving surgical accuracy, reducing operative time, enhancing functional and aesthetic outcomes, and facilitating personalized treatment strategies. This review examines the principles, technologies, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future directions of digital planning in maxillofacial surgery. The study evaluates evidence from recent literature regarding virtual surgical planning (VSP), 3D imaging, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and patient-specific surgical guides. Findings indicate that digital planning significantly enhances treatment predictability and interdisciplinary collaboration while improving patient satisfaction and postoperative outcomes. Future developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, mixed reality, and robotic-assisted surgery are expected to further transform maxillofacial surgical practice.