Modern orthodontic treatment extends beyond simple tooth alignment and occlusal correction. Increasingly complex dental and craniofacial conditions require collaborative management involving multiple dental and medical specialties. Interdisciplinary orthodontic care integrates orthodontics with periodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, pediatric dentistry, restorative dentistry, endodontics, speech therapy, otolaryngology, sleep medicine, and other healthcare disciplines to achieve optimal functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial outcomes. This review explores the principles, clinical applications, advantages, challenges, and future directions of interdisciplinary orthodontic care. Evidence indicates that collaborative treatment planning improves treatment efficiency, enhances long-term stability, optimizes aesthetics, and contributes to improved patient satisfaction. Emerging technologies such as digital dentistry, artificial intelligence, virtual treatment planning, and three-dimensional imaging further strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration. The study concludes that interdisciplinary care represents the gold standard for managing complex orthodontic cases in contemporary dental practice.