Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the supporting structures of teeth and remain a major cause of tooth loss worldwide. Conventional periodontal therapy primarily involves mechanical debridement through scaling and root planing, often supplemented with surgical interventions in advanced cases. Laser therapy has emerged as a promising adjunctive and alternative treatment modality in periodontics due to its ability to provide precise tissue ablation, bacterial reduction, hemostasis, and biostimulation. Advances in laser technology have introduced various laser systems, including diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO₂ lasers, each with distinct clinical applications. This review examines the principles, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of laser therapy in periodontal treatment. Findings indicate that laser-assisted periodontal therapy improves clinical outcomes by reducing pocket depth, promoting wound healing, decreasing bacterial load, and enhancing patient comfort. However, variability in clinical protocols and treatment parameters remains a challenge. The study concludes that laser therapy represents a valuable adjunct in modern periodontal care and holds significant potential for future integration into minimally invasive treatment strategies.