Maxillofacial trauma represents a significant public health concern worldwide and encompasses injuries involving the facial skeleton, soft tissues, dentition, and associated anatomical structures. These injuries commonly result from road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, sports injuries, falls, and occupational hazards. Effective management of maxillofacial trauma requires prompt diagnosis, multidisciplinary assessment, stabilization of life-threatening conditions, and definitive surgical intervention when necessary. This study reviews the epidemiology, etiology, classification, diagnosis, treatment modalities, surgical techniques, complications, and emerging technologies in the management of maxillofacial trauma. A comprehensive review of current literature, clinical guidelines, and evidence-based surgical practices was conducted. Findings indicate that advances in imaging, rigid fixation systems, computer-assisted surgery, and regenerative medicine have significantly improved treatment outcomes. Early intervention, accurate diagnosis, and individualized treatment planning remain essential for restoring function, aesthetics, and quality of life. The study concludes that contemporary management of maxillofacial trauma relies on a multidisciplinary approach integrating emergency medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, radiology, and rehabilitation services.