Background: Oral diseases represent one of the most prevalent non-communicable health conditions worldwide. Developing countries experience a disproportionate burden of oral diseases due to socioeconomic inequalities, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to preventive services, and insufficient oral health awareness.

Objective: This review examines oral health disparities in developing countries, explores contributing determinants, evaluates their impact on populations, and discusses evidence-based strategies for improving oral healthcare equity.

Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of published literature, international health reports, and epidemiological studies was conducted. Data concerning oral disease prevalence, socioeconomic influences, healthcare accessibility, policy frameworks, and intervention outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Significant disparities exist across developing nations, particularly among rural populations, low-income groups, women, children, indigenous communities, and elderly individuals. Dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancer, and tooth loss remain major public health concerns. Key determinants include poverty, limited dental workforce, educational inequalities, geographical barriers, and inadequate governmental investment in oral healthcare.

Conclusion: Addressing oral health disparities requires multisectoral approaches including policy reforms, preventive programs, workforce expansion, community-based interventions, and integration of oral healthcare into primary healthcare systems.