Oral diseases represent one of the most prevalent public health challenges worldwide, affecting billions of individuals and contributing significantly to morbidity, reduced quality of life, and healthcare costs. Dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancers, edentulism, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases continue to burden populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Public health approaches to oral disease prevention emphasize population-based interventions, health promotion, risk factor reduction, policy implementation, and equitable access to preventive services. This article reviews the major public health strategies used in oral disease prevention, including health education, fluoridation programs, school-based interventions, tobacco control policies, dietary modifications, community outreach initiatives, and emerging digital technologies. Evidence indicates that comprehensive preventive programs significantly reduce disease prevalence and improve oral health outcomes. Integrating oral health into broader public health systems is essential for achieving sustainable improvements in population health.